Jiranga, the Little Tibet of Odisha: The Tibetan Diaspora- Part I

Jiranga, the Little Tibet of Odisha - Part I : A Journey through Jiranga & Mahendragarh Tibetan Settlements

 

The Tibetan Settlement : A Testament to Odisha's Hospitality

Odisha renowned for its rich cultural heritage and natural beauty harbors a lesser-known yet equally fascinating chapter: the Tibetan Diaspora. This state's reputation for cultural heritage and warm hospitality is well-deserved, and the Tibetan settlements in and around Jiranga under Gajapati District is a prime example. Over the years, Tibetan refugees have found solace and a new home in the state, establishing vibrant communities and preserving their unique traditions.

The history of Tibetan settlement in Odisha dates back to the early 1960s when the Chinese invasion of Tibet forced thousands of Tibetans to flee their homeland. To accommodate these unfortunate guests, the Indian government established Tibetan refugee settlements across India. One such settlement was in Gajapati district (erstwhile Ganjam district) of Odisha. In 1963, five settlement camps were established at Chandragiri, Tangelypadar, Lobersing, Jirango and Mahendragarh to accommodate 578 families with a small population of 2609 inhabitants.

Odisha’s Buddhist Legacy: Decline and Revival

Odisha's rich cultural heritage is deeply intertwined with Buddhism, dating back to the 3rd or 2nd century BC. The archaeological remnants of magnificent Buddhist monasteries (Vihars) and stupas at Lalitagiri, Ratnagiri, Langudi Hills, and other sites throughout Odisha stand as powerful testaments to the state's Buddhist past. A pivotal moment in history, the conversion of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, the Great, to Buddhism after witnessing the devastation of the Kalinga War in 263 BC, influenced by the Buddhist monk Upagupta at Dhauli (near present-day Bhubaneswar), underscores the profound impact of Buddhism on ancient Odisha.

Over time, with changes in ruling dynasties Buddhism faced challenges from other religious traditions patronised by contemporary rulers and as a result gradually faded away in whole of India including Odisha. Despite its decline, efforts are being made to preserve and promote Buddhist heritage in Odisha, including through the restoration of ancient sites and the establishment of Buddhist studies centers.

The Tibetan Diaspora woven into Odisha's Landscape

These humble guests, the Tibetan settlers, adapted to their new surroundings and established a community that soon grew into a thriving settlement and contributed significantly to the local economy and culture. Initially, the Tibetan community has faced challenges, including land disputes and cultural integration issues, but they have persevered and flourished into a vibrant and welcoming community maintaining their unique identity while also contributing to the rich tapestry of Odisha's cultural heritage. And very rightly, they named their new home "Phuntsokling", meaning "Land of Happiness and Plenty". The simple, small yet beautiful houses, traditional cattle shelters, vibrant prayer flags, and above all, the humbleness of the Tibetan people collectively contribute to a serene atmosphere in the region.

A Spiritual Journey: Through the Monasteries and Stupas 

One of the most notable developments this community brought in was the Tibetan Buddhism which played a crucial role in fostering cultural exchange between Tibetans and locals. To maintain their cultural and religious identity, these Tibetan settlers established beautiful Buddhist monasteries and Stupas which became significant centers of religious and cultural activities for their community and also attracted visitors from all over the world. The serene surroundings and the presence of these Buddhist monasteries contribute to a peaceful and spiritual atmosphere.

Now, I invite you to experience the serene atmosphere of the stunning monasteries and stupas of the region spread over Jiranga, Mahendragarh and Lobarsing Tibetan Settlement Camps.

· Rigon Thupten Mindroling Monastery, Jiranga : A Beacon of Faith

The Rigon Thupten Mindroling Monastery, located in Jiranga Village at the Settlement Camp No. 4, is believed to be the oldest Tibetan monastery in the region set up during early 1960s. Built in the traditional Tibetan style, it's also the smallest. The main building, a double-story structure, houses the main altar of Lord Buddha and features intricate murals depicting Buddha's life and teachings. Nearby, a room contains three beautiful prayer wheels.

However, with the construction of the larger and more impressive Padmasambhava Mahavihara Monastery nearby, the Rigon Thupten Mindroling Monastery has gradually lost its significance. While daily prayers continue and locals still visit for morning and evening circumambulations, the monastery remains closed for most of the time during the day.

- Padmasambhava Mahavihara, Jiranga: A Tibetan Spiritual Haven in Odisha

Padmasambhava Mahavihara, a magnificent Buddhist monastery in the serene village of Jiranga, is not only one of the largest Buddhist monasteries in Eastern India but also holds immense cultural and religious significance. The Holy Highness Dalai Lama granted approval for the monastery in 1998, and construction commenced in 2003. Inaugurated by Holy Highness Dalai Lama in 2010, this architectural marvel stands as a testament to the harmonious blend of Tibetan and Indian traditions.   

The monastery is a five-story structure spanning 70 feet in height spread over 10 acres of land. The centerpiece of the assembly hall is the 23-foot-high imposing Buddha statue flanked by two disciples. Walls of the Monastery is decorated with intrinsic paintings depicting the life and teachings of Lord Buddha.

Padmasambhava Mahavihara is one of the main monasteries belonging to the Ripa Lineage, a prominent lineage within Tibetan Buddhism. The monastery serves as a center for Tibetan studies, providing a platform for monks and students to learn and preserve the rich heritage of Tibetan Buddhism. It offers a serene environment for meditation and spiritual practices, attracting devotees and tourists from far and wide. 

·  Buddha Shanti Stupa, Jiranga : A Symbol of Peace and Harmony

At a distance of hardly 500 mtrs from the Padmasambhava Mahavihara amidst the serene landscapes of Jiranga, the Buddha Shanti Stupa stands as a beacon of peace and harmony. This majestic white stupa, a towering structure inspired by the Buddhist architecture of Nepal, surrounded by the stupas and majestic Prayer Wheels is a testament to the enduring spirit of Buddhism and its message of universal compassion.

One of the most striking features of the Jiranga stupa is the vibrant array of prayer flags that adorn its surroundings. These colorful flags, often depicting Buddhist deities, mantras, and symbols, are believed to bring blessings, protection, and positive energy. The fluttering of the flags in the gentle breeze creates a mesmerizing spectacle, adding to the serene atmosphere of the site.

The stupa's serene ambiance, coupled with the beauty of the surrounding landscapes, makes it an ideal place for spiritual seekers and nature lovers. Whether you are seeking inner peace, a connection with nature, or simply a moment of tranquility, the Jiranga stupa is a must-visit destination.

While the magnificent Padmasambhava Mahavihara of Settlement Camp No. 4 at Jiranga, the largest Buddhist monasteries in Eastern India, is attracting much attention of Visitors, the Tibetan Diaspora story of this region is much richer. The story is incomplete unless I cover the serene monasteries and stupas located in Settlement Camp Nos. 3 & 5 at Lobarsing and Mahendragarh near Jiranga. In this post let me take you through the monuments at Mahendragarh.

· Neydo Kagyu Monastery, Mahendragarh

The Neydo Kagyu Monastery, a newly built Tibetan Buddhist institution at the Tibetan Settlement Camp No. 5 in Mahendragarh village, belongs to the Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. Designed in the traditional Tibetan architectural style, it houses a grand assembly hall adorned with a captivating Buddha statue and intricate wall paintings illustrating the life and teachings of the Buddha. This sacred space serves as a hub for daily prayers, religious rituals, and Buddhist education, meditation, and cultural preservation. Young children from regions like Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Nepal are currently learning Buddhist culture within the monastery's walls.

· Padmasambhava Stupa, Mahendragarh : A Peaceful Haven

Just opposite the Neydo Kagyu Monastery complex is the stunning Stupa dedicated to Lord Padmasambhava, the revered Buddhist saint and founder of Buddhism in Tibet, often called the Second Buddha. Believed by some to be born in ancient Odisha, Lord Padmasambhava is credited with establishing Buddhism in Tibet during 7th Century. The majestic statue of the Second Buddha, along with the beautiful Stupas, large prayer wheels, and surrounding prayer flags, creates a serene atmosphere ideal for meditation, prayer, and seeking blessings.

Together, the Neydo Kagyu Monastery and Padmasambhava Stupa form a significant spiritual and cultural center at Mahindragarh. They offer a glimpse into the vibrant world of Tibetan Buddhism and provide a place for visitors to connect with their own inner peace and spirituality.

This post has explored the history of Tibetan settlements in Odisha, focusing on the monasteries and stupas in Settlement Camp Nos. 4 and 5 at Jiranga and Mahendragarh respectively. In my next post, I'll delve into the serene monasteries and stupas located in Settlement Camp No. 3 at Lobarsing near Jiranga. I'll also share some ideas to make your visit to this area memorable and satisfying. Stay tuned for more insights into the Tibetan community in Odisha in my next post Jiranga, the Little Tibet of Odisha - Part II.

For a video presentation on Jiranga, please check YouTube post  “Jiranga l Mini Tibet of Odisha l Complete guide  https://youtu.be/De_wIOQGDe0?si=oHLJr7k6LxEtE0Fh “ at PlacesDishes hosted by my co-traveler.

For similar posts on other interesting destinations, please visit my site www.ghumnechalo.in